Ferritin: Key Roles, Normal Levels, and Health Impacts

What Is Ferritin?

Ferritin is a protein in your body that stores iron. It acts like a storage container, holding extra iron until your body needs it. Iron supports red blood cell production, growth, and a healthy metabolism.

Doctors check ferritin levels through a blood test to see if you have too much or too little iron, which can affect your energy, immune system, and overall health.

When Is Ferritin Testing Recommended?

Ferritin testing helps identify abnormal iron storage, which can cause various health problems. Doctors may recommend the test in the following situations:

• Persistent fatigue or weakness to check for iron deficiency anemia.
• Shortness of breath or symptoms related to low oxygen levels in the blood.
• Pale or yellowish skin as a possible sign of iron-related issues.
• Unexplained weight loss to investigate underlying conditions.
• Irregular heartbeat or chest discomfort linked to anemia.
• Hair loss as a symptom of potential iron deficiency.
• Frequent infections that might indicate a compromised immune system due to low iron.
• Symptoms of chronic diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, which can impact iron levels.

How Is Ferritin Testing Conducted?

Ferritin is measured through a simple blood test. 

A healthcare provider draws a small sample from a vein, usually in the arm. This sample is analyzed to determine ferritin levels and assess iron storage.

Tests that may include ferritin levels:

• Complete Blood Count (CBC): Examines overall blood health and detects anemia.
• Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP): Provides information on organ function and overall health.
• Iron Panel: Specifically measures ferritin and other markers of iron metabolism.

Special Preparations for the Test:

• Avoid eating for at least 8 hours before the test. Drinking water is allowed.
• Refrain from alcohol consumption 24 hours before testing.
• Avoid physical and emotional stress 30 minutes before the test.
• Do not smoke 30 minutes before the test.

What Are the Normal Ferritin Levels?

Ferritin levels vary by age, sex, and specific conditions such as pregnancy. Below are the standard reference ranges:

Children

• Up to 1 year old: 8–182 ng/mL
• Up to 4 years old: 5–100 ng/mL
• Up to 13 years old: 14–79 ng/mL
• Up to 15 years old: 13–83 ng/mL
• Up to 18 years old: 11–172 ng/mL

Adults

• Males:
  • Up to 59 years old: 38–380 ng/mL
  • Over 59 years old: 24–380 ng/mL
• Females:
  • Up to 40 years old: 16–154 ng/mL
  • Up to 60 years old: 16–232 ng/mL
  • Over 60 years old: 16–288 ng/mL

Pregnant Women

• First trimester: 6–130 ng/mL
• Second trimester: 2–230 ng/mL
• Third trimester: 0–116 ng/mL

Note: The units of measurement and the normal ranges may differ depending on the laboratory and specific testing methods.

What Do Abnormal Levels Mean?

Ferritin High Levels

Elevated ferritin levels may indicate excessive iron storage or other health conditions. Common causes include:

• Liver diseases: Such as cirrhosis, which affects iron metabolism.
• Hemochromatosis: A genetic disorder causing iron overload.
• Chronic inflammation or autoimmune disorders: These can increase ferritin as part of the body's response.
• Frequent blood transfusions: Excess iron from transfusions can raise levels.
• Certain cancers: Like Hodgkin's lymphoma or leukemia.
• Excessive iron supplementation: Overuse of iron tablets or injections.

• Work with your doctor to determine the underlying cause.
• Avoid iron-rich foods and supplements unless directed by a doctor.
• Maintain a healthy body weight to reduce inflammation.
• Refrain from smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.

Ferritin Low Levels

Low ferritin often signals a lack of iron in the body, leading to insufficient red blood cell production. Common causes include:

• Iron-deficient diet: Inadequate intake of iron-rich foods.
• Poor absorption: Conditions like celiac disease or certain medications can hinder iron absorption.
• Heavy menstrual bleeding: This can significantly lower iron stores.
• Chronic blood loss: From ulcers or gastrointestinal issues.
• Iron deficiency anemia: A common outcome of prolonged low ferritin levels.

• Increase intake of iron-rich foods, such as lean meats, leafy greens, and legumes.
• Pair iron-rich foods with vitamin C to enhance absorption.
• Address any underlying health issues causing blood loss or poor absorption.
• Follow your doctor’s guidance on iron supplementation if necessary.

Which Specialist Should You Consult?

For abnormal ferritin levels, consult the following specialists:

• Primary care physician: For initial evaluation and general management.
• Hematologist: If ferritin levels suggest blood disorders or anemia.
• Gastroenterologist: If the issue involves poor iron absorption or gastrointestinal bleeding.
• Endocrinologist: For hormonal or metabolic conditions impacting ferritin.