Itchy Feet in Diabetes: Causes, Symptoms and Remedies

What is Diabetes?

Diabetes is a chronic condition that affects how the body processes blood sugar (glucose). The American Diabetes Association (ADA) reports that in 2021, 38.4 million Americans, making up 11.6% of the population, were living with diabetes. When you eat, your body converts most of the food into glucose, which enters your bloodstream. The hormone insulin, produced by the pancreas, helps glucose get into your cells to be used for energy.

There are two main types of diabetes:

1. Type 1 Diabetes: This form occurs when the body does not produce insulin. It is usually diagnosed in children and young adults. Managing type 1 diabetes requires daily insulin injections.
2. Type 2 Diabetes: This form happens when the body doesn't use insulin properly. It is more common in adults but can develop at any age. Management involves lifestyle changes, medication, and sometimes insulin therapy.

The Causes of Diabetic Itchy Feet

Diabetic itchy feet can be a frustrating and uncomfortable symptom for many individuals with diabetes. This condition can result from several underlying factors related to diabetes. Here are the factors:

High Blood Sugar Levels

High blood sugar levels, or hyperglycemia, can significantly impact skin health:

• Dehydration: Elevated glucose levels in the blood can lead to dehydration, causing your skin to become dry and itchy. This dryness is particularly noticeable on the feet, where the skin may crack and become irritated.
• Skin Barrier Function: High blood sugar can weaken the skin’s barrier, making it more susceptible to external irritants and infections. 

To manage high blood sugar levels and prevent skin complications:

• Monitor Blood Sugar: Regularly check your blood sugar levels to keep them within the target range.
• Use Moisturizers: Apply diabetic-friendly moisturizers to keep your skin hydrated and prevent dryness.

Diabetic Neuropathy

Diabetic neuropathy is a type of nerve damage that occurs in individuals with diabetes. According to Mayo Clinic, in the US, approximately one-third of people with diabetes have diabetic nephropathy. It is one of the most common causes of diabetic itchy feet. Prolonged high blood sugar levels can damage the nerves, particularly in the extremities like the feet, leading to altered sensations such as tingling, burning, and itching. 

Neuropathy often results in reduced blood flow to the feet. Poor circulation can hinder the skin’s ability to repair itself, leading to dryness, cracks, and increased susceptibility to infections, all of which can cause itching.

To manage diabetic neuropathy and its symptoms:

• Foot Care: Regularly inspect your feet for any signs of damage or infection. Keep them clean and moisturized.
• Medical Consultation: Consult a healthcare professional for appropriate treatments and advice on managing neuropathy symptoms.

Infections and Allergic Reactions

Infections and allergic reactions are other common causes of itchy feet in people with diabetes. 

High blood sugar levels can also increase the risk of bacterial infections, causing redness, swelling, and intense itching. 

Additionally, certain medications or topical treatments can cause allergic reactions, leading to itchy skin. Identifying and avoiding allergens is crucial for managing these reactions.

To prevent and manage infections and allergic reactions:

• Maintain Foot Hygiene: Wash your feet daily with mild soap and water and dry them thoroughly, especially between the toes.
• Use Antifungal Treatments: Over-the-counter antifungal creams or powders can help manage fungal infections, but consult a healthcare provider before use.
• Monitor for Allergies: Be aware of any new medications or skincare products that may cause allergic reactions and discuss alternatives with your healthcare provider.

Distinctive Signs of Diabetic Itching

Identifying the symptoms of diabetic itchy feet early on is crucial for effective management and prevention of further complications.

Persistent Itching

One of the hallmark symptoms of diabetic itchy feet is persistent itching. 

• Common Locations and Severity: Itching often occurs in areas prone to dryness and pressure, such as the soles of the feet and between the toes. The intensity of the itching can vary but is usually more severe than typical skin irritations.
• Non-responsiveness to Standard Treatments: Unlike regular itching, diabetic itchy feet do not typically respond well to standard over-the-counter anti-itch creams or moisturizers. This non-responsiveness can be a key indicator that the itching is related to diabetes.

Visible Skin Changes

Diabetic itchy feet often come with noticeable changes in the skin’s appearance. 

• Dryness, Cracks, and Scaly Skin: Because of dehydration cracks may develop, particularly in areas of high pressure, increasing the risk of infections.
• Redness, Swelling, and Discoloration: Affected areas might also show signs of inflammation, such as redness and swelling. Changes in skin color, like darkening or unusual redness, can indicate underlying problems like infections or poor circulation.

Additional Symptoms

In addition to itching and visible skin changes, diabetic itchy feet can be accompanied by other sensory symptoms.

• Burning Sensations: Alongside itching, you may experience burning sensations in your feet. This can be particularly uncomfortable and is often a sign of nerve damage or neuropathy.
• Changes in Skin Texture: The texture of your skin may also change, becoming thicker or developing calluses. These changes are often due to the body’s response to prolonged pressure and irritation.

Monitoring these skin changes closely is vital. If you notice any of these symptoms, take immediate action to address them and prevent further complications.

To assess your symptoms and find potential cases, you can use the Docus Symptom Checker tool. Remember, this tool is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek guidance from a healthcare professional before making any decisions or taking any actions.

How to Relieve Diabetic Itching

Managing diabetic itchy feet often requires a combination of home remedies and medical treatments.

Natural Remedies for Diabetic Itching

Here are some effective home remedies that can provide relief and improve skin health.

Using natural moisturizers and oils can help soothe and hydrate the skin, reducing dryness and itching.

• Coconut Oil: An excellent natural moisturizer with antimicrobial properties. Applying it to your feet can help keep the skin hydrated and prevent infections.
• Olive Oil: Rich in antioxidants and healthy fats, olive oil can nourish the skin and alleviate dryness. Regular application can improve skin texture and reduce itching.
• Aloe Vera: Known for its soothing and healing properties, aloe vera can provide immediate relief from itching and help heal dry cracked skin.

Soothing baths can offer relief from itching and help keep skin hydrated.

• Oatmeal Baths: Adding colloidal oatmeal to your bathwater can soothe irritated skin. Oatmeal has anti-inflammatory properties that can help reduce itching and moisturize the skin.
• Baking Soda Baths: Baking soda can help alleviate itching and irritation. Adding a cup of baking soda to a warm bath can provide relief and help maintain skin pH balance.

Proper hydration and a balanced diet are essential for maintaining healthy skin and managing diabetic itchy feet.

• Importance of Staying Hydrated: Drinking plenty of water helps keep your skin hydrated from the inside out. Adequate hydration is crucial for preventing dryness and itching.
• Foods that Support Skin Health: Incorporating foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamins can support skin health. Foods like salmon, nuts, seeds, and leafy greens can help improve skin hydration and reduce inflammation.

Maintaining a healthy diet and staying well-hydrated are fundamental steps in managing diabetic itchy feet effectively.

Medical Treatments

When home remedies aren't enough to ease the symptoms of diabetic itchy feet, medical treatments may be necessary.

Topical treatments can be effective in reducing inflammation and relieving itching.

• Corticosteroid Creams: These creams help to reduce inflammation and soothe itchy skin. They are commonly prescribed for short-term use to manage severe itching.
• Antihistamine Creams: These creams can help alleviate itching caused by allergic reactions by blocking histamine, a substance in the body that causes allergic symptoms.

Oral medications can be prescribed for more severe or persistent itching.

• Antihistamines: These medications can help reduce severe itching by blocking histamine. They are often used when topical treatments are not sufficient.
• Pain Relievers: Over-the-counter pain relievers may be recommended to manage discomfort associated with itching. These can help reduce pain and inflammation.

In some cases, more advanced treatments may be required to manage diabetic itchy feet.

• UV Light Therapy: Also known as phototherapy, this treatment involves exposing the skin to ultraviolet light under medical supervision. It can help reduce itching and improve skin conditions in some patients.
• Other Advanced Options: Depending on the severity of the symptoms, healthcare providers may recommend other specialized treatments or therapies tailored to individual needs.

Regular follow-ups with a healthcare provider are crucial to monitor the effectiveness of these treatments and make any necessary adjustments.